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Las Superficies Inteligentes Reconfigurables (RIS por sus siglas en inglés) han surgido como una tecnología transformadora para los futuros sistemas de comunicaciones inalámbricas, ofreciendo control sobre la propagación de ondas electromagnéticas. Al manipular dinámicamente la fase y la amplitud de las ondas incidentes, las RIS pueden mejorar la cobertura de la señal, optimizar la eficiencia espectral y habilitar capacidades avanzadas de formación de haz, especialmente en frecuencias de ondas milimétricas.

Este artículo presenta el diseño y la caracterización de una novedosa celda unitaria de RIS con forma de bowtie que opera a 29 GHz. A diferencia de los diseños convencionales, esta celda unitaria introduce una geometría única para mejorar el control de fase y minimizar las pérdidas por reflexión. El estudio proporciona un análisis comparativo con una celda unitaria rectangular, demostrando un rendimiento mejorado en términos de amplitud de reflexión, consistencia del desplazamiento de fase y reconfigurabilidad.

Simulaciones de onda completa y mediciones experimentales validan el diseño propuesto, demostrando su potencial para aplicaciones 5G y 6G de próxima generación. Los resultados confirman que la configuración de bowtie ofrece una capacidad de ajuste superior a la vez que mantiene una baja pérdida de inserción, lo que la convierte en una candidata prometedora para implementaciones RIS avanzadas.

Time-Modulated Arrays (TMAs) are known for their ability to reduce side-lobe levels in the radiation pattern at the fundamental (carrier) frequency. However, in this conventional operating mode, TMAs inherently lack beam steering capabilities. This limitation can be overcome by exploiting directional control at harmonic frequencies, enabling beamforming beyond the fundamental tone. In this work, we employ an advanced numerical electromagnetic simulation tool to design and evaluate a TMA that leverages non-ideal stair-step modulation pulses for harmonic beamforming. The proposed design serves as a validation of a previously developed theoretical model by our research group, extending its applicability to arrays composed of realistic, non-isotropic radiating elements. The array’s performance is analyzed using key metrics such as radiated power, radiation intensity, and overall efficiency.

A 8×8 antenna array composed of 2×2 printed patch antenna subarrays is designed for dual-band operation in the Ka-band at 24 and 28 GHz. The key feature of the design is a diplexer-splitter, which enables precise frequency selection, ensuring optimal performance across each band. The feeding network utilizes Inverted Microstrip Gap Waveguide (IMGW) technology, simplifying manufacturing while achieving low losses. The antenna achieves a realized gain of over 25 dBi, making it suitable for 5G networks and other high-frequency applications that require efficient and flexible dual-band operation. Experimental validation is performed to assess the performance of the fabricated prototype, showing good agreement with the simulated results in terms of impedance matching.

This paper presents a dual reflectarray antenna system designed for long-distance communications in the millimeter wave band at 140 GHz. By integrating a main reflectarray with a subreflectarray in a perpendicular feeding configuration, the proposed design mitigates the blockage problems common in densely packed antenna arrays while maintaining a low-cost and lightweight solution. The design methodology emphasizes an optimized phase difference of the radiating elements and an efficient illumination to reduce losses from different sources, achieving a theoretical gain of approximately 38.5 dBi for a 123-mm-diameter reflector. Furthermore, the system demonstrates a minimal gain drop of only 2 dB across the 130–150 GHz range, indicating a promising bandwidth performance.

In this contribution, a conformal electromagnetic skin based on a multi-faceted reflectarray topology has been designed to improve wireless communications in a 5G/6G mm-wave scenario. The proposed structure comprises multiple panels, assembled edge-to-edge following the curved profile of a cylindrical building corner. The multi-faceted electromagnetic skin, which operates in the 28-GHz band, deflects the impinging beam coming from the base station to a specific coverage direction, which is different for each linear polarization. The results of this work demonstrate that the multi-faceted approach can efficiently generate the required coverage in the selected scenario, increasing the integrability with the architectural elements of the environment compared to a traditional single-facet electromagnetic skin

This work proposes the design of spherical reflectarray configurations for satellite antenna applications, in order to achieve a compromise between parabolic and spherical surfaces. The spherical surface simplifies the folding mechanism of the antenna, while the printed elements on the reflectarray surface are designed to correct the spherical aberration, improving the focusing of the spherical surface and providing the electrical performance of a parabolic reflector antenna. The focusing and scanning capabilities of spherical reflectarrays are evaluated and the implementation of spherical reflectarrays in dual antenna configurations is proposed to provide further compact antenna solutions.