Animal Spirits on Steroids: Evidence from Retail Options Trading in India
Prof. Vikas Agarwal1, Prof. Pulak Ghosh2, Prof. Nagpurnanand Prabhala3, Prof. Haibei Zhao4
1Georgia State University, United States of America; 2Indian Institute of Management Bangalore; 3John Hopkins University; 4Lehigh University
We analyze a market-wide panel dataset on retail option trading from India, which has an 80% share in option contracts traded worldwide. Retail participation is concentrated in and dominates index options trading. Traders exhibit short-term speculative behavior with significant day trading, short-duration directional bets, especially as options converge to 0DTE, and make significant losses. Three natural experiments show that financial constraints and lottery-like preferences shape investor behavior. An exogenous increase in the supply of short-maturity options induces trading. Lot-size increases and delivery margins trying to curb speculation are offset by speculative shifts to small ticket-size, riskier options. While stock market participation increases welfare in canonical household finance models, it can also entrench speculative behavior that is difficult to undo.