Virtual Reality (VR) technology has become an increasingly popular tool in various training applications. It can provide trainees with a controlled environment to practice scenarios that may be too dangerous or expensive to replicate in real life. Yet, while VR training provides many benefits, it is essential to ensure that it is used appropriately and consider the potential risks associated with such technology, namely cybersickness. If not taken into account, cybersickness can seriously threaten the usability of VR training applications, preventing them from reaching their full potential. Similarly, poor usability can have negative impacts on users’ well-being.

This paper provides an overview of the usability and cybersickness characteristics of VR training. Then, it looks into seven human factors (HF) dimensions impacting cybersickness and provides recommendations to mitigate its effects on VR users. Finally, it shows the importance of considering both usability and cybersickness aspects to achieve safe and effective training in VR. To this end, two VR applications are compared, one used for learning assembly operations and the other to learn aircraft operating procedures. Their usability issues and degree of cybersickness are then discussed using the HF dimensions.

The rapid development of immersive technologies such as Virtual Reality (VR) in the training world environment raises questions about the physiological and pedagogical effects of using virtual reality technology as a training device. Indeed, many studies available in the literature point out the potential adverse effects of VR technology on human physiology and cognition such as the so-called “cybersickness”, especially in the professional training of aeronautics personnel. Thus, a user-centered approach is required to be set to prevent usage without testing and reiterating on the product.

Integrating a VR solution to train a professional population like pilots is supposed to address some crucial human factors questions. Facing a lack of feedback and scientific studies on the use of VR as a professional training device, and facing few guidance in the way to evaluate the interaction between trainees and VR, a method to test and demonstrate its performance of learning in a safe, effective and, efficient way appeared necessary.

A user center demonstration has been defined and is based on 3 pillars that ensure:

1. A healthy & safe usage,
2. A usable and effective learning device,
3. An efficient integration of the device in a pilot’s training program