In this keynote speech, Julie Yu-Wen Chen will provoke debate on the interlocking of knowledge production about China and Taiwan with realpolitik. Taiwan has its unique path for becoming a site for China-watching. This presentation first provides an overview of Taiwan’s capacity for China-watching. Second, it examines the development of so-called Taiwan studies and explores their connection to China studies, Chinese studies, or Sinology. Third, it discusses the interlocking of Taiwan studies and China studies in Taiwan with the newly minted knowledge realm of the Indo-Pacific in the contemporary era. Taiwan may have no choice but to be part of it in this irreversible trend. But this exercise of bringing Taiwan further into the Indo-Pacific realm is challenging because Taiwan’s international relations and knowledge production are unable to move toward genuine decolonisation. Taiwan may have attempted to decolonise the One China discourse and may have succeeded to some extent, but can it decolonise Japan and the USA? What aspects of decolonisation should be stressed? Can geopolitical interests trump the need for decolonisation? This presentation will provoke debate and stimulate ideas on these issues.