Historical archives, once digitized, generate vast datasets that remain largely unused, representing a significant opportunity for interdisciplinary research in the field of Digital Humanities. This work focuses on the organization and structuring of the medical records of the former psychiatric hospital of Reggio Calabria (Italy). Central to this process is the use of metadata, which provides a framework for describing, contextualizing, and linking digital documents to ensure meaningful access and interoperability. To maximize the value and usability of the medical records of the former psychiatric hospital of Reggio Calabria and enable their retrieval and reuse for research purposes, it is necessary to combine structured data models, standardization practices, and advanced text recognition technologies. This integrated approach transforms the digitized medical records into a resource suitable for historical, medical, and social science research. The study’s main scope is to explore ways to structure these documents while preserving their historical and structural/formal characteristics.