Conference Agenda
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CP20: Zoonoses & One Health 15 min talks
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Genetic diversity and transmission dynamics of soil-transmitted helminths in humans and dogs in Vanuatu 1The University of Melbourne, Australia; 2Vets Beyond Borders, Australia; 3Kirby Institute, UNSW, Australia; 4Ministry of Health, Vanuatu; 5World Health Organization, Vanuatu Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) cause some of the most prevalent neglected tropical diseases worldwide. Despite this, our understanding of diversity across hosts and extent of animal contributions to human infections remains limited. We screened 2,285 humans and 148 dogs from Vanuatu for STHs of public health importance using multiplex qPCR. A subset (n=148 humans, 148 dogs) were sequenced using a nanopore-based approach to characterise the ‘nemabiome’. Given evidence for zoonotic transmission of Ancylostoma ceylanicum and Strongyloides stercoralis, we also sequenced a large region of the cox1 gene in these species to assess haplotype diversity and infer zoonotic STH transmission dynamics. Overall, qPCR detected >1 STH in 48.5% of humans and 97.3% of dogs. Specifically, a prevalence of 8.9% and 64.9% were observed for A. ceylanicum and 3.0% and 47.3% for Strongyloides spp. in humans and dogs, respectively. Nemabiome analysis revealed a greater diversity of intestinal parasites than that detected by qPCR in both hosts. These findings indicate a high abundance of STHs across Vanuatu, supporting the need for mass-drug administration. Molecular data suggest canine-human transmission may be occurring, however further sequencing at nuclear and mitochondrial loci will resolve transmission dynamics and inform the need for control approaches that include animal reservoirs. Unraveling the whole mitochondrial genome of the highly endemic G3 genotype of Echinococcus granulosus from Pakistan: an emerging epidemiological concern 1Department of Zoology, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan; 2Sydney School of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia; 3Department of Zoology, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan Introduction Echinococcus granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) is a zoonotic parasite that infects a wide spectrum of hosts. A substantial public health concern, this cestode causes socioeconomic burdens to resource-limited pastoral communities globally. The G1 and G3 genotypes of E. granulosus s.s. are associated with human and animal infection, with G1 predominating. However, an opposite trend has been observed in Pakistan, where the G3 genotype is more common. Materials and Methods In the present study, genomic DNA was extracted from hydatid cysts obtained from cattle in Multan, Pakistan and processed for whole-genome sequencing (Illumina NovaSeq). Complete mitochondrial genomes were assembled and population genetic analysis was performed and compared to those from public databases. Results The results indicated that the G3 genotype of E. granulosus s.s. is highly prevalent among the cattle of Pakistan. Using whole mitogenome data (13,610 bp), when compared to the G1 reference sequence, G3 exhibited substantial variation at 48 diagnostic positions, indicating a distinct mitochondrial lineage. Genetic variability indices revealed high haplotype diversity and low nucleotide diversity. Conclusions This study reports the first complete mitogenome of the G3 genotype of E. granulosus s.s. from Pakistan, providing a foundation for future genetic analyses from other regions of the world. | ||