This paper explores Belgian architects' perceptions and practices regarding user-client involvement in private dwelling design, based on insights from 15 interviews. We focus on (1) current practices of user-client involvement, (2) expected roles and levels of involvement, and (3) architects' views on participation. Findings show that architects mostly use conversation-based interactions, limiting user-client involvement, but also sometimes employ tools like virtual reality, mood boards, and probes to enhance engagement. While architects emphasize the uniqueness of private housing processes when it comes to user-client involvement, they generally prefer consultation over proactive involvement, gathering feedback without relinquishing control. There is a tension between the desire for collaboration, managing expectations, and maintaining project integrity. This paper highlights both the potential and limitations of user-client involvement, underscoring resistance to participatory approaches and contributing to a nuanced understanding of user-centered architectural design methodologies.

ABSTRACT: Achieving equity in housing for children from low-income families necessitates a deep understanding of their needs and how effectively the built environment addresses them. By focusing the design and planning on these children’s specific needs, we can create housing solutions that not only meet their immediate needs but also contribute to their well-being. Although the negative impacts of substandard housing on children have been documented, a more comprehensive exploration of existing research is required to identify gaps. Therefore, this scoping review aims to synthesize the body of literature that addresses the relationship between the built environments of housing and the needs of children in low-income families, with the goal of identifying current research trends and gaps. Therefore, this review followed PRISMA guidelines, systematically gathering relevant studies from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. Out of the initial pool of 238 studies, 24 were deemed eligible for analysis. Data was extracted and thematically coded, focusing on children’s built environmental needs and the corresponding components of housing. The analysis categorizes children’s built environmental needs into four main areas: usability, enjoyment, comfort, and safety. These needs were considered at two primary scales—the building and the surrounding premises—to capture a more holistic view of the children’s living environment. The findings reveal key patterns in the distribution of studies by population age range, geographic region, and research design, along with trends in housing aspects that address children’s needs, and the types of measurement used. Additionally, notable gaps are identified, particularly regarding the coverage of children’s age groups. Outcomes of the current study offer valuable insights to guide future research and inform architectural practices. The findings aim to contribute to the ongoing discourse on housing equity for children in disadvantaged circumstances, providing a foundation for more inclusive and equitable housing solutions that prioritize children’s needs.