Cork, the outer bark of Quercus suber, is one of the most important non-timber forest products in the Mediterranean region and a key component of montado ecosystems. Its harvesting is considered a sustainable practice because the bark regenerates naturally after extraction. Cork extractives are known to contain phenolic and other bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties, making cork a promising natural resource for agricultural, industrial, and biomedical applications. However, the chemical composition and bioactivity of cork extractives are highly variable among individual trees and are also influenced by environmental conditions, including drought and other climate-related stresses. Such variability is closely associated with cork quality, reinforcing the importance of understanding the mechanisms underlying cork bioactivity and the factors that shape it. In this context, cork extractives may also represent useful indicators for assessing cork quality. The Q. suber genetic trial established at Monte Fava (Portugal) provides a unique opportunity to investigate these questions, since trees from different provenances grow under the same environmental conditions, minimising environmental variability and enabling a stronger focus on genetic influences. This approach is particularly relevant under current climate change scenarios, as recent studies suggest that cork chemical composition may depend more strongly on genetic background than on ambient conditions alone. The aim of this work was to evaluate the bioactive potential of cork extractives obtained from different Q. suber provenances from the Monte Fava genetic trial. Different extraction procedures were tested to characterise the bioactive profile of cork, including water extractions, ethanol:dichloromethane extractions, and sequential extractions combining both solvents. Antioxidant activity was assessed using Folin-Ciocalteu and TEAC/Trolox assays, while antimicrobial activity was evaluated against clinically and agriculturally relevant bacteria, namely Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Xylella fastidiosa. These microorganisms were selected due to their relevance in antimicrobial resistance and plant disease emergence, representing important challenges for public health and Mediterranean agriculture. The results revealed significant differences among provenances and extraction methods regarding antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Spanish provenances generally displayed higher antioxidant capacity, while Italian provenances showed lower reducing activity. Several extracts exhibited inhibitory effects against Gram-positive bacteria, particularly E. faecalis (10-2.5 mg/mL) and S. aureus (10-1.25 mg/mL), while also demonstrating activity against X. fastidiosa (1.25 mg/mL). Overall, this work highlights the potential of cork as a sustainable source of natural bioactive compounds and reinforces the importance of genetic diversity in shaping cork quality and bioactivity. These findings contribute to the valorisation of cork industry by-products and support the search for environmentally friendly alternatives to synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials in the context of increasing antimicrobial resistance and climate change pressures.